Stay Ahead With Linux Security Features

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Create a Safe Web Server Configuration with Apache and OpenSSL Tools

Using apache and OpenSSL you can create your own secure web server to keep authentication and other information private from prying eyes. . Having a secure web server is a vital necessity if you are doing on-line administration, banking and/or e-commerce. You may just have personal information you need to access over the web and wish to make secure. Using a secure web server is perfect for these implementations. Using Apache , mod-ssl and OpenSSL we can create a secure server quickly and easily. We also no longer have to worry in the U.S. about the RSA encryption. Prior to Sept. 6, 2000 the RSA algorithm was fully patended by RSA. The patent officially expires on September 20, 2000, but RSA lifted the patent a little earlier. Because of this we no longer need to use the RSAREF package, which is still under license from RSA. The first task in setting up our secure server will be to retreive the software required to do it. We will need three vital packages, Apache, OpenSSL and mod-ssl. You must have the following packages installed: Apache 1.3.12 or later mod-ssl-2.2.6 or later OpenSSL-0.9.5a or later RPMs and Debian packages most certainly also exist. See your favorite mirror site for pre-built packages. Instead of using mod-ssl you also have the option to use Apache-SSL. This document will instead focus on using mod-ssl instead. Mod_SSL was derived from Apache-SSL originally. The code has been completely rewritten since then. Mod_SSL has been known to run faster and be easier to configure than Apache-SSL. Compile and Install OpenSSL First Assuming you have perl and a working compiler installed, decompress the three packages. Compile OpenSSL first (this takes a while): $ ./config $ make $ make test $ make install Once this is all done compile mod-ssl: Note: ' ALL ' means you MUST have the option and ' optional ' is optional. $ cd mod_ssl-2.6.x-1.3.x ALL $ ./configure \ ALL --with-apache=../apache_1.3.x \ ALL --with-ssl=../openssl-0.9.x \ ALL --with-mm=../mm-1.1.x \ OPTIONAL --with-crt=/path/to/your/server.crt \ OPTIONAL --with-key=/path/to/your/server.key \ OPTIONAL --prefix=/path/to/apache \ ALL [--enable-shared=ssl] \ OPTIONAL [--disable-rule=SSL_COMPAT] \ OPTIONAL [--enable-rule=SSL_SDBM] \ OPTIONAL [--enable-rule=SSL_EXPERIMENTAL] \ OPTIONAL [--enable-rule=SSL_VENDOR] \ OPTIONAL [...more APACHE options...] OPTIONAL $ cd ../apache_1.3.x $ make $ make certificate $ make install For more information on compiling mod-ssl directly into Apache read the mod-ssl INSTALL and README files included with the package. They will provide you with the steps necessary to do this. Configure httpd.conf for SSL Support After Apache mod-ssl is installed, you can configure your httpd.conf like you would for a normal site. You will, however, have to setup your SSL secure site through a VirtualHost . You will access with instead of . There are many configuration options and requirements for a VirtualHost in Apache. Since there is too much to talk about here I will only give you an example of a basic VirtualHost . A VirtualHost contains the server name, system administrators e-mail address, the path to the files and a path to the logs for the host. It turns out looking something like this: ServerAdmin This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. DocumentRoot /home/httpd/mysite/ ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/mysite-errors_log TransferLog /var/log/httpd/mysite-transfers_log To add SSL support to your VirtualHost you must enable it and tell it where you have your certificate and key to decrypt it with. Add these lines before the ' ' tag: SSLEngineon SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.key/server.key These are basic SSL options for VirtualHosts. There are many more than can be listed in this short document. When you install mod_SSL into Apache the new httpd.conf will have examples and descriptions of VirtualHosts and SSL options. You can also find numerous documents at www.apache.org and . Once configured, you are all set to start up the server. Start Apache in SSL mode by typing the following: [root@myhost #] /usr/sbin/httpd -startssl read RSA key Enter PEM pass phrase: Notice it asks you for a password. It will require a password to decrypt your key for the SSL encryption. This could prevent apache from working on startup. Here is a way around it, but it can be a security hazard. Go to where your stored httpd.conf and in the ssl.key directory you should see server.key . This contains your encrypted key. What we are going to do here is decrypt the key permently. The upside is you won't have to enter a password anymore. The security risk is that if the key is compromissed someone can possibly decrypt the information you send across your once secure connection. Before you decrypt the key make a backup first: [root@myhost #] cp /path/to/apache-conf/ssl.key/server.key server.key.old Now, using OpenSSL, decrypt the key: [root@myhost #] /usr/sbin/openssl rsa -in server.key.old -out server.key read RSA key Enter PEM pass phrase: It will prompt you for your password and decrypt your key. server.key now contains an unencrypted key. You must still start apache with httpd --startssl or the start-up file included with your RPM or dpkg. Resources A Netscape document on How SSL Works Apache Main Page OpenSSL Main Page Mod-SSL Main Page DevShed.com article on Building an E-Commerce Site Information on the RSA patent expiration at this O'Reilly article The RSA Press Release . Securing your onlineadministration, banking, and e-commerce is essential with a web server configuration using Apache and OpenSSL.. using, apache, openssl, create, secure, server, authentication, other. . Brittany Day

Sep 19, 2000 • Brittany Day